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896798 |
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Course |
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| Qualitative Research Methods | ||
Faculty |
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Professor Torsten Ringberg, Department of Marketing, Copenhagen Business School Professor Dr. Markus Reihlen, Institute of Management and Organisation, Leuphana University of Lueneburg |
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Course Coordinator |
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| Torsten Ringberg | ||
Prerequisites |
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| This course is designed as a PhD seminar for doctorate students (regular and industrial) PhDs in business (e.g., marketing, organization and management). However, students from other social science disciplines may find this course relevant as well for crafting a qualitative research approach. | ||
Aim |
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| The two instructors bring with them extensive experience with using case-studies and semi-structured approaches, much of which have served as the foundation of findings they have published in high ranking international academic journals as well as applied in consulting projects with large international companies to develop new strategic insights. | ||
Course content |
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Qualitative research is a research strategy that emphasizes large bodies of unstructured data (textual, graphical, audio, and video data) that cannot be meaningfully analyzed by formal, statistical approaches. Despite differences, qualitative research approaches share at least the following two assumptions: (1) by systematically generating and analyzing data new theory can be discovered (inductive view), and (2) this theory stresses the understanding of the socio-cultural world through an examination of interpretations of that world by its participants. Since each particular research method is informed by different philosophical traditions, this course will first introduce different philosophical perspectives ranging from positivism to interpretativism and postmodernism. Students will then be exposed to various theoretical orientations within the interpretive paradigm and how each brings along certain ontological assumptions as to the construction of meaning and representation of reality/ies as well as particular methodological assumptions. We then cover various qualitative methods (e.g., ethnography, grounded theory, action research, case studies, ZMET) and discuss their pros and cons given your particular research question and theoretical framework. Whereas the case studies and participant observation provide a more holistic approach involving several types of resources, the ZMET semi-structured in-depth interview is able to surface socially shared mindsets that inform and motivate the sensemaking of a given group under study. Qualitative methods provide the opportunity to gain new insights into motivators of behaviour and build new theory. As part of the course students will be introduced to how to analyse the data through grounded theory (coding) which is a general method for identifying themes in qualitative data. The idea of grounded theory is to code the text into meaningful themes that enable the identification of deeper seated socio-cultural categories, propositions, assumptions and mid-range theories. The approach is primarily inductive and abductive, i.e., there are no prior hypotheses to be established or tested but rather a research question to be explored and theories to be evaluated. The insights from qualitative research can, in addition to theory building, also be used to establish hypotheses that can be addressed quantitatively (surveys, experimentally etc.). As such, quantitatively oriented students might also benefit from this course. The qualitative data analysis is greatly supported by different software packages (e.g., Nudist, NVivo, Atlas.ti, MAXQDA). While the course will provide an overview of existing software programs, students will be introduced in particular to the Atlas.ti platform. Throughout the course, initiative, creativity, and critical thinking on part of the students will be appreciated and encouraged. |
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Teaching style |
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This course is designed as a seminar, which requires preparation by students before each session and dynamic interaction during each session. Students are encouraged to debate their particular theoretical views, methodological problems, and research issues in class. In order to get a certificate from the Copenhagen Business School you have to pass the following components: • Research essay (two pages) on one qualitative background theory (students will be assigned to an essay topic after enrollment). The essay is due Nov 1. 2017 • Research proposal: formulating a research problem of your choice (preferably from your own research field) and developing a qualitative research design (six pages). You should have a first discussable draft for our workshop. The final version should be handed in latest October 15th. • Review of a research proposal of another participant (1-2 page): In order to learn from each other we want you to write a constructive review of a fellow PhD student’s research proposal. You will find information on writing a constructive review on • In-class participation: The minimum requirement is that you show up for all seminar sessions and participate. We encourage you to actively challenge existing assumptions and present your own thoughts and work in class. |
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Lecture plan |
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NOVEMBER 21 - 10.00 – 12.00 1. Philosophical Foundations of Social Research
NOVEMBER 21 13.00 -15.00 2. Qualitative Research: Design and Approaches
NOVEMBER 21 - 15.00 – 17.00 3. Design and Method of Case Study Research
NOVEMBER 22 10.00 – 12.00 4. Grounded Theory
NOVEMBER 22 13.00 -17.00 5. Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET)
NOVEMBER 23 10.00 -12.00 6. Using Software Packages for Qualitative Data Analysis
NOVEMBER 23 13.00 -16.00 7. Short presentations, feedback and discussions of student research proposals
8. Presentations on how to write and review a research article |
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Learning objectives |
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Exam |
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Other |
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ONLINE TUTORIALS Atlas.ti 7 for Windows Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fko3eQ6Q_Qc Atlas.ti for Mac Introduction https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f5n4lDAJX4 Approaches to Coding by Susanne Friese https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EvcQLhEZP-A |
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Start date |
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| 21/11/2017 | ||
End date |
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| 24/11/2017 | ||
Level |
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| PhD | ||
ECTS |
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| 5 | ||
Language |
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| English | ||
Course Literature |
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| Philosophical Foundations of Social Research Pre-readingAlvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2009). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. Sage: London, chap. 1-3.Crotty, M. (1998): The foundations of social research. Meaning and perspective in the research process, Sage: London, chap. 1.Morgan, G.; Smircich, L. (1980): The Case for Qualitative Research, in: Academy of Management Review, Vol. 5, No. 4, pp. 491-500.Madill, A., Jordan, A., & Shirley, C. (2000). Objectivity and reliability in qualitative analysis: Realist, contextualist and radical constructionist epistemologies. British Journal of Psychology, 91(1), 1-20.Ringberg, Torsten and Markus Reihlen, (Sept 2008). “Toward a Socio-Cognitive Approach to Knowledge Transfer,” in Journal of Management Studies 45 No 5, pp. 912-935.Reihlen, M.; Klaas-Wissing, Th; Ringberg, T. (2007): Metatheories in Management Studies: Reflections upon Individualism, Holism, and Systemism, in: M@n@gement, Vol. 10, No. 3, pp. 49-69. Complementary ReadingAlvesson, M., & Sköldberg, K. (2009). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research. Sage: London.Bryman, A.; Bell, E. (2003): Business research methods, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Crotty, M. (1998): The foundations of social research. Meaning and perspective in the research process, Sage: London.Bunge, M. (1996): Finding philosophy in social science, New Haven: Yale University Press.Kuhn, T. (1970): The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd ed., Chicago University Press: Chicago. Qualitative Research: General Design and ApproachesPre-readingLocke, K. and Golden-Biddle, K. (2004): An introduction to qualitative research: its potential for industrial and organizational psychology, in: Rogelberg, S. G.: Handbook of research methods in industrial and organizational psychology.Maxwell, J. A. (2008) Designing a Qualitative Study, in: The SAGE handbook of applied social research methods, 2, 214-253.Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2010). Generalization in quantitative and qualitative research: myths and strategies. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(11), 1451-1458.Reihlen, Markus and Torsten Ringberg (2013) “Uncertainty, pluralism, and the knowledge-based theory of the firm: From J.-C. Spender’s contribution to a socio-cognitive approach,” in European Management Journal, Vol. 31. Issue 6 pp.706- Complementary ReadingAlvesson, M.; Sköldberg, K. (2009). Reflexive methodology: New vistas for qualitative research (2 ed.). London: Sage.Alvesson, M.; Kärreman, D. (2011) Qualitative research and theory development: Mystery as method. London: Sage.Antegy, Michael (2013) Relaxing the Taboo on Telling Our Own Stories: Upholding Professional Distance and Personal Involvement, Organization Science, 24(4), 1277-1290.Coghlan, D. (2011). Action research: Exploring perspectives on a philosophy of practical knowing. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 53-87.Denzin, N. K. and Y. S. Lincoln (2000) Handbook of qualitative research. Thousand Oaks, Calif., Sage Publications.Flick, Uwe; von Kardorff, Ernst; Steinke, Ines (Eds.) (2004) A companion to qualitative research, Sage: London.Hammersley, M., & Atkinson, P. (2007). Ethnography: Principles in practice: Routledge.Guba, E. G. (1981) Criteria for Assessing the Trustworthiness of Naturalistic Inquiries, ECTJ, 29(2): 75-91.Lincoln, Y., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. New York: Sage.Reason, P.; Bradbury, H. (2013) The Sage handbook of action research: Participative inquiry and practice. Sage: London.Maxwell, J. A. (2012). A realist approach for qualitative research, Sage: London.Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook, Sage: London.Reason, P.; Bradbury, H. (eds.) (2013) The Sage handbook of action research: Participative inquiry and practice. Sage: London.Smets, M.; Burke, G.; Jarzabkowski, P. (2014) Charting new territory for organizational ethnography: Insights from a team-based video ethnography, Journal of Organizational Ethnography, 3(1):10-26. Design and Method of Case Study Research Pre-readingDyer, W.G.; Wilkins, A.L. (1991), ‘Better Stories, Not Better Constructs, To Generate Better Theory: A Rejoinder to Eisenhardt’, Academy of Management Review, 16, 3, pp. 613-619.Eisenhardt, K. M. (1989), Building theories from case study research, Academy of Management Review, Vol. 14, No. 4, S. 532–550.Yin, K.R. (2003): Case study research: Design and Methods – Third Edition, Thousand Oaks, pp. 1-56.Reihlen, Markus and Torsten Ringberg, (2006) "Computer-mediated knowledge systems in consultancy firms: do they work?" Professional Service Firms; Royston Greenwood and Toy Sudderby (eds.), in Research in Sociology of Organizations. Vol. 24, pp. 307-336. (annual volume/periodical). Complementary ReadingEisenhardt, K. und Graebner, M. E. (2007): Theory building from cases: opportunities and challenges, in: Academy of Management Journal, 50, 1: 25-32Gibbert, M., Ruigrok, W., & Wicki, B. (2008). What passes as a rigorous case study?. Strategic Management Journal, 29(13), 1465-1474.Langley, A. (1999). Strategies for theorizing from process data. Academy of Management Review, 24(4), 691-710. Burawoy, M. (1998), The Extended Case Method, Sociological Theory, 16, 1, pp. 4-33.Ragin, CC. (1997) Turning the Tables: How Case-Oriented Research Challenges Variable-Oriented Research, Comparative Social Research, 16, 27-42. Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) Pre-readingAlvesson, M. (2003). Beyond neopositivists, romantics, and localists: A reflexive approach to interviews in organizational research. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 13-36.Zaltman, G.; Coulter, R. H. 1995. Seeing the voice of the customer: Metaphor-based advertising research. Journal of Advertising Research, 35(4): 35-51.Ryden, Pernille, Torsten Ringberg and Ricky Wilke (2015), “The influence of Mental Models of Business- Consumer Interaction on Social Media Use” in Journal of Interactive Marketing, 31, August, pp 1-16.Luna, Ringberg, Peracchio (2010) “Are you the same person when you speak a different language? Implications of frame-switching for advertising interpretation.” in The Business Journal of Hispanic Research 4, Issue 1, pp. 68-75Luna, David, Torsten Ringberg, and Laura Peracchio (2008), “One Individual, Two Identities: Frame Switching Among Biculturals,” in Journal of Consumer Research 35, No 2, pp. 279-293. Ringberg, Torsten and Glenn Christensen (2003), “The Influence of Socio-Cultural Frameworks on Consumers’ Service Recovery Experiences,” in Advances in Consumer Research (ACR) Volume 30, eds. Punam Anand Keller and Dennis W. Rook, Valdosta, GA : Association for Consumer Research, pp. 385-386. Complementary ReadingAlvesson, M. (2011). Interpreting interviews. Los Angeles ; London: Sage.Zaltman, Gerald (2003). How customers think: Essential insights into the mind of the market. Harvard Business School Press: Cambridge. Grounded Theory Pre-readingBryant, Antony; Charmaz, Kathy (2007) Introduction - Grounded theory research methods: Methods and practices, in: The Sage Handbook of Grounded Theory, edited by Bryant, Antony; Charmaz, Kathy, Sage: London, pp. 2-28.Corbin, Juliet; Strauss, Anselm (1990) Grounded Theory research: Procedures, canons and evaluative Ccriteria, Zeitschrift für Soziologie, 19 (6), 418-427.Gioia, D. A., Corley, K. G., & Hamilton, A. L. (2013). Seeking qualitative rigor in inductive research notes on the Gioia methodology. Organizational Research Methods, 16(1), 15-31.Orton, J. D. (1997). From inductive to iterative grounded theory: Zipping the gap between process theory and process data. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 13(4), 419-438.Strauss, A.; Corbin, J. (1998): Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory, 2nd ed., Sage: Thousand Oaks.Suddaby, R. (2006) What grounded theory is not. In: Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 633-642. Ringberg, Torsten and Susan Gupta, (2003), “The Importance of Understanding the Symbolic World of Customers in Asymmetric Business-to-Business Relationships,” in Journal of Business and Industrial Marketing, Special Issue on Qualitative Approaches in B-2-B. Vol. 18 No 6/7. Pp. 607-626. Complementary ReadingBryant, A.; Charmaz, K. (Eds.) (2007) The SAGE Handbook of Grounded Theory, Sage: Thousand Oaks.Glaser, B.; Strauss, A. (1967): The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research, Aldine: Chicago.Glaser, B. G. 1992. Basics of grounded theory analysis. Mill Valley, California: Sociology Press.Jones,, R.; Noble, G. (2007): Grounded theory and management research: a lack of integrity? In: Qualitative Research in Organizatons and Management: an International Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2, p: 84-103.Kelley O'Reilly, David Paper and Sherry Marx Demystifying Grounded Theory for Business ResearchLocke, K. (2001): Grounded theory in management research, London: SageMiles, M.B.; Huberman, M.A. (1994): Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook, 2nd. ed., Thousand Oaks: Sage. On qualitative meta-studiesBronstein Bejarano, J., & Reihlen, M. (2014). Entrepreneurial university archetypes: A meta-synthesis of case study literature. Industry and Higher Education, 28(4), 245–262.Hoon, C. (2013), Meta-synthesis of qualitative case studies: an approach to theory building’, Organizational Research Methods, 16(4): 522–556.Rauch, A., Doorn, R., and Hulsink, W. (2014), ‘A qualitative approach to evidence-based entrepreneurship: theoretical considerations and an example involving business clusters’, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2): 333–368. Using Software Packages for Qualitative Data Analysis Pre-readingBring a notebook to class on which a full or a trail version of Atlas.ti is installed. User‘s Guide Atlas.ti (http://www.atlasti.com) Complementary ReadingFriese, S. (2014) Qualitative data analysis with Atlas.ti, Thousand Oaks: Sage. Writing Qualitative Research Papers: Learning from Examples Pre-readingAlvesson, M., & Sandberg, J. (2011). Generating research questions through problematization. Academy of Management Review, 36(2), 247-271. Corley, K. G. (2011). The coming of age for qualitative research: Embracing the diversity of qualitative methods. Academy of Management Journal, 54(2), 233-237.Ragins, B. R. (2012). Reflections on the craft of clear writing. Academy of Management Review, 37(4), 493-501.Example Smets, M., Morris, T., & Greenwood, R. (2012). From practice to field: A multi-level model of practice driven institutional change. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4), 877-904; best article award 2012 by the Academy of Management Journal.Ringberg, Torsten, Gaby Odekerken-Schröder and Glenn L. Christensen, (2007) “A cultural models approach to segmenting consumer recovery expectations.” in Journal of Marketing,71 (July), pp. 194-214.Complementary ReadingAlvesson, Mats and Jörgen Sandberg (2013). Constructing research questions: Doing interesting research. Sage: Los Angeles.Huff, A. S. 1999. Writing for scholarly publication. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.Pratima B. and Corley, K. 2011. From the editors: The coming of age for qualitative research, Academy of Management Journal, 2011, Vol. 54, No. 2, p. 233-237Starbuck, William (1999) Fussy Professor Starbuck's Cookbook of Handy-Dandy Prescriptions for Ambitious Academic Authors or Why I Hate Passive Verbs and Love My Word Processor; http://people.stern.nyu.edu/wstarbuc/Writing/Fussy.htm http://people.stern.nyu.edu/wstarbuc/Writing/Fussy.htm | ||
Fee |
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| 6,500 DKK | ||
Minimum number of participants |
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| 14 | ||
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Maximum number of participants |
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| 20 | ||
Location |
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Kilevej 14A - room K1.43 2000Frederiksberg |
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Contact information |
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PhD-Support Bente S. Ramovic bsr.research@cbs.dk Tel: +45 3815 3138 |
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Registration deadline |
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| 02/10/2017 | ||
| Please note that the registration is binding after the registration deadline. | ||