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Course |
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| Perspectives on theories and methods in Business and Politics (runs annually) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Faculty |
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Edward Ashbee, Manuele Citi, Christoph Houman Ellersgaard, Mogens Kamp Justesen, Janine Leschke, Eleni Tsingou, Mads Jensen, Rasmus Tue Pedersen, all from the Department of Business and Politics, CBS Derek Beach, Department of Political Science, Aarhus University |
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Course Coordinator |
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| Janine Leschke and Manuele Citi | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Prerequisites |
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This course is for PhD students only. It is most suitable for PhD students in the first half of their PhD studies. The PhD students must hand in a five pages (maximum) written presentation on the research question, theories and method(s) of their project, in which they select one or two topics of the curriculum and explain how they can be applied to their project. The short paper should include specific references to the literature of the course and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of their chosen approach in comparison to other relevant approaches. Students will have the opportunity to revise this based on the lectures and group discussions during the course and to present their ideas for additional feedback at the end of the course. Deadline for submission of short papers is 10 days before the beginning of the course. The short papers provide material for discussion during the course, and the students must be willing to participate in discussions of other papers and presentations. It is a precondition for receiving the course diploma that the student attends the whole course. |
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Aim |
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The interlinkage between theory and methods is in focus when this course introduces PhD students to the core approaches constituting the scientific grounding of the study of ‘business and politics’. We will focus in particular on historical institutionalism, case-studies, network analysis, process tracing, content analysis, textual analysis, surveys and experimental approaches, and mixed methods. The aim of the course is to develop the awareness of different designs applied in the field. This will allow the course participant to reflect critically upon their own projects and to discuss the strengths and weaknesses in comparison to other relevant approaches. |
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Course content |
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| This course covers a wide range of state-of the art theories and methodological approaches relevant for the study of business and politics. The presenters use applications from their own field of research which are exemplary in terms of combining theories, concepts and methods in high quality research designs. For details on the specific content of each session please see below. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Teaching style |
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| Dialogue lectures and group discussions. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Lecture plan |
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Learning objectives |
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• Describe and justify the research design of their project • Compare and contrast how methodological approaches interlink in different research designs • Discuss strengths and weaknesses of the theoretical and methodological choices made in the PhD project • Apply the knowledge and insights from the course in a critical reflection on their own project |
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Exam |
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Start date |
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| 16/04/2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
End date |
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| 20/04/2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Level |
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| PhD | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
ECTS |
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| 5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Language |
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| English | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Course Literature |
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| You find the content and required readings for each session below. Book chapters of the core readings will be provided by the course faculty on LEARN; it will be the students' responsibility to obtain the journal articles if these are not uploaded on LEARN. All core texts should be read prior to the start of the course. For most sessions you have at least one text which is a more general description of the theory or method and at least one text which is an application. Day 1 - Historical institutionalism and process tracingProcess tracing (Derek Beach, Arhus University)Process-tracing in social science is a method for studying causal mechanisms linking causes with outcomes. This enables the researcher to make strong inferences about how a cause (or set of causes) contributes to producing an outcome. Derek Beach introduces a refined definition of process-tracing, differentiating it into three distinct variants and explaining the applications and limitations of each. ReadingsBeach (2017) ‘Process-tracing methods.’ Oxford Research Encyclopedia. http://politics.oxfordre.com/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-176O'Mahoney, J. (2017). Making the Real: Rhetorical Adduction and the Bangladesh Liberation War. International Organization, 71(2), 317-348. doi:10.1017/S0020818317000054Supplementary ReadingsBeach and Pedersen (2016) Causal Case Study Methods. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. (Especially chapters 2 – 5, 9)Historical Institutionalism (Edward Ashbee)This session will look at processes of continuity and change. It will survey some of the theoretical approaches associated with historical institutionalism. It will look at the concept of path dependence and later work that seeks to qualify path dependency by bringing in more incremental forms of change such as “layering”. On the basis of this, the session will also consider the ways in which historical institutionalism is applied and some of the accounts that challenge the assumptions upon which it is constructed.ReadingsPaul Pierson (2000) Increasing Returns, Path Dependence, and the Study of Politics, American Political Science Review, Vol. 94(02), pp 251-267Edward Ashbee (2015) Intercurrence and its Implications, in: Edward Ashbee, The Right and the Recession, Manchester University Press. Supplementary ReadingsJames Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen (2010) A Theory of Gradual Institutional Change, in James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen, Explaining Institutional Change: Ambiguity, Agency, and Power, Cambridge University Press, pp 1-37.Herman Schwartz, Down the Wrong Path: Path Dependence, Increasing Returns, and Historical Institutionalism, http://people.virginia.edu/~hms2f/Path.pdfDay 2 - Conceptual Analysis and Case StudiesConceptual Analysis (Manuele Citi)In this session we will introduce concepts as essential tools for theoretical and empirical analysis. We will focus on issues of conceptualization, such as the link between conceptual intension and extension, the relationship between conceptual definition and empirical measurement, and the levels and rules of aggregation for multi-dimensional concepts.ReadingsGoertz, G. (2006) Concept Intension and Extension, in Goertz, G., Social Science Concepts: A User’s Guide, Princeton: Princeton University Press, Ch.2 (pp. 69-94).Munck, G. L. and Verkuilen, J. (2002) Conceptualizing and measuring democracy: Evaluating alternative indices, Comparative Political Studies 35(1): 5-34. Supplementary Readings(two examples of conceptualization)Abbott, K. W., Keohane, R. O., Moravcsik, A., Slaughter, A.-M. and Snidal, D. (2000) The Concept of Legalization, International Organization 54(3), pp. 401–419. Rapkin, D. P. and Braaten, D. (2009) Conceptualising hegemonic legitimacy, Review of International Studies 35(1), pp. 113–149.Case-selection and analysis (Mads Jensen)Case studies are key for theory development and refinement in the social science. This session will teach you advanced approaches to strategically select cases with variation on relevant dimensions and the different steps to design, execute and conclude case studies.ReadingsSeawright, J., & Gerring, J. (2008). Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options. Political Research Quarterly, 61(2): 294-308.George, A. L., & Bennett, A. (2005). Case studies and theory development in the social sciences. Mit Press. Chapter: 3-6Jensen, M. D. & P.Nedergaard (2014). "Uno, duo, trio? Varieties of trio presidencies in the council of ministers." JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies 52 (5): 1035-1052.Supplementary ReadingsGerring, John (2004) What is A Case Study and What is It Good For?, American Political Science Review 98: 341-354.Day 3 - Practical Session, Surveys and Mixed-methods approaches The logic and design of surveys (Mogens Kamp Justesen)The session will first discuss why the social sciences need surveys. It will then give a brief introduction to new social risks with a specific focus on life-course approaches. This session draws on examples from (comparative) employment and welfare state research. Empirically, examples are chosen that make use of household panel survey data. ReadingsKrosnick, Jon A. (1999) Survey Research, Annu. Rev. Psychol. 50: 537-67.Olken, B.A. (2009) Corruption perceptions vs. corruption reality, Journal of Public Economies 93: 950-964.Mixed-method approaches (Janine Leschke) Mixed or multi-methods approaches combining and integrating qualitative and quantitative social sciences tools have become popular in recent years. Rather than seeing methods as mutually exclusive alternatives, such approaches exploit the fact that multiple measurement offers the chance to assess each method’s validity in the light of other methods and thereby come to more sound conclusions. This session will discuss the advantages and drawbacks of mixed-methods approaches in PhD projects. We will in particular consider the combination of indepths case-study analysis with statistical analysis.ReadingsLieberman, E. (2005) Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research, The American Political Science Review 99(3), pp. 435-452.Fearon, J. and Laitin, D. (2008) Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Methods, in: Box-Steffensmeier, J., Brady, H. and Collier D. (eds.) The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 756-776.Supplementary ReadingsCreswell, J. and Plano Clark, V. (2017) Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research, Third Edition, London: Sage.Casal Bértoa, F. (2017) It’s been mostly about money! A Multi-method research approach to the sources of institutionalization, Sociological Methods & Research 46(4), pp. 683-714.Friberg, J.H. (2012) The stages of migration. From going abroad to settling down: post-accession Polish migrant workers in Norway, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, Vol. 38(10): 1589-1605.Day 4 – Elites and networks and experimental approachesElite Theory and Network Analysis (Christoph Houman Ellersgaard & Eleni Tsingou)Empirically and theoretically, the session will focus on elites and decision-makers in a policy-making setting and provide examples that cut across the national, European and global levels. In a first part we cover how to identify the most powerful individuals in different societies, the elites, using social network analysis. ReadingsKhan, Shamus Rahman (2012) The Sociology of Elites. Annual Review of Sociology 38(1), 361–77. doi:10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145542.Larsen, Anton Grau, and Christoph Houman Ellersgaard. “A Scandinavian Variety of Power Elites? – Key Institutional Orders in the Danish Elite Networks.” In New Directions in Elite Research, edited by Olav Korsnes, Johan Heilbron, Johannes Hjellbrekke, Felix Bühlmann, and Mike Savage. Routledge, forthcoming.Larsen, Anton Grau, and Christoph Houman Ellersgaard. “Identifying Power Elites—k-Cores in Heterogeneous Affiliation Networks.” Social Networks 50 (July 2017), 55–69.Supplementary ReadingsBühlmann, Felix, Thomas David, and André Mach (2012) The Swiss Business Elite (1980–2000): How the Changing Composition of the Elite Explains the Decline of the Swiss Company Network. Economy and Society 41(2), pp 199–226. doi:10.1080/03085147.2011.602542.Interview and Content Analysis (Eleni Tsingou)We will cover different ways to undertake agent-centric research as linked to policy outcomes by focusing on the commonly used methods of interviewing and content analysis. ReadingsEmpson, Laura (2017) ‘Elite interviewing in professional organizations’, Journal of Professions and Organization doi: 10.1093/jpo/jox010.Mosley; Layna (ed.) (2013) Interview Research in Political Science. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. Chapters 2 and 3.Schreier, Margrit (2013) ‘Qualitative Content Analysis’ In Uwe Flick (ed.), The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Data Analysis. London: SAGE, pp. 170-183.Supplementary ReadingsLamont, Michèle and Ann Swindler (2014) Methodological pluralism and the possibilities and limits of interviewing, Qualitative Sociology 37(2),153-171.Seabrooke, Leonard and Eleni Tsingou (2014) Distinctions, Affiliations, and Professional Knowledge in Financial Reform Expert Groups, Journal of European Public Policy, 21(3), pp 389-407.Experimental ApproachesExperiments are key tools in the methodological toolbox for anyone interested in causal inference, and the use of experiments in social science has increased dramatically during the last decades. This session cover the logic of randomized experiments, different types of experiments (lab, survey and field) and the key considerations when designing, analyzing and interpreting experiments. As a part of this, we will also discuss ethical considerations for researchers using experimental methods.ReadingsDruckman, J. N., Green, D. P., Kuklinski, J. H., & Lupia, A. (2011). An Introduction to Core Concepts. Chapter 2 in The Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science. Cambridge University Press Pandelaere, M., Briers, B., & Lembregts, C. (2011). How to Make a 29% Increase Look Bigger: The Unit Effect in Option Comparisons. Journal of Consumer Research, 38(2), 308-322. doi:10.1086/659000Gerber, A. S., Green, D. P., & Larimer, C. W. (2008). Social pressure and voter turnout: Evidence from a large scale field experiment, American Political Science Review, 102(1), 33-48.Supplementary readingsMcDermott, R. (2002). Experimental methods in political science. Annual Review of Political Science, 5(1), 31-61.Day 5 - Textual Analysis and Final FeedbackApplied Textual Analysis (Rasmus Tue Pedersen & Manuele Citi)This session introduces the fundamental tools of quantitative analysis developed by social science for the analysis of political and social texts (political speeches, party manifestos, policy documents, but also conversations on the social media). The aim is to help students understand the types of research questions we can ask with text, and the type of analytical tools that are currently available for answering them. ReadingsGrimmer, J. and Stewart, B. M. (2013) ‘Text as data: The promise and pitfalls of automatic content analysis methods for political texts’, Political Analysis 21(3), pp. 267–297.Brady, W. J., Wills, J. A., Jost, J. T., Tucker, J. A. and Van Bavel, J. J. (2017) ‘Emotion shapes the diffusion of moralized content in social networks’, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 114(28), pp. 7313–7318.Supplementary readingsLacy, S., Watson, B. R., Riffe, D. and Lovejoy, J. (2015) ‘Issues and best practices in content analysis’, Journalism and Mass Communication Quarterly 92(4), pp. 791–811.Afternoon Session - Feedback to students (Janine Leschke & Manuele Citi)In this session we will draw on the various elements of the course providing indepths feedback to the student’s projects. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fee |
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| DKK 6,500 (covers the course, coffee/tea and lunch) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Minimum number of participants |
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Maximum number of participants |
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Location |
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Copenhagen Business School |
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Contact information |
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The PhD Support Katja Høeg Tingleff Tel.: +45 38 15 28 39 E-mail: kht.research@cbs.dk |
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Registration deadline |
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| 10/03/2018 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Please note that your registration is binding after the registration deadline.
In case we receive more registrations for the course than we have places, the registrations will be prioritized in the following order: Students from Doctoral School of Organisation and Management Studies (OMS), students from other CBS PhD schools, students from other institutions than CBS. |
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